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\n\t\t\t[vc_column_text]\n\n\tD<\/span>as Gehirn besteht \u2013 neben anderen Zellarten \u2013 aus gesch\u00e4tzten 100 Milliarden Neuronen, die \u00fcber eine gesch\u00e4tzte Billiarde Synapsen miteinander in Verbindung stehen. Dazu kommt eine schier un\u00fcberschaubare Zahl von Botenstoffen (Amine, Neuropeptide, Aminos\u00e4uren und Gase), welche die Nerven\u00fcbertragung durch Wechselwirkung mit einer Hundertschaft verschiedener Rezeptoren orchestriert und reguliert. Und nicht zu vergessen: Ebenso viele Hormone, zust\u00e4ndig f\u00fcr mittel- und langfristige Modulationen biologischer Vorg\u00e4nge, sowie Tausende an Regulationsgenen. Ganz zu schweigen von spezifischen Transportmechanismen, molekularen Speicherorganen und einer ganzen Armada von Enzymen. Zudem mehren sich die Hinweise, dass nicht nur Neuronen, sondern auch ganz andere Zelltypen des Gehirns f\u00fcr Bewusstseinsprozesse, insbesondere f\u00fcr Ged\u00e4chtnisfunktionen fundamental wichtig sein k\u00f6nnten. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Allein schon aufgrund der unvorstellbaren Komplexit\u00e4t des Gehirns erscheint es mehr als fragw\u00fcrdig, psychische St\u00f6rungen auf das Fehlverhalten einiger weniger seiner biochemischen Akteure herunterbrechen zu wollen. Dazu kommt, dass externe pharmakologische Eingriffe vom Gehirn \u00fcber kurz oder lang durch Gegenregulationen ausgeglichen werden. Rezeptordichten und Gegenexpression werden angepasst, die Ansprechbarkeit von Rezeptoren wird ver\u00e4ndert oder die endogene Produktion von Botenstoffen herunter gefahren. Auch Sucht und Entzugserscheinungen basieren typischerweise auf solchen Vorg\u00e4ngen. Wird eine suchterzeugende Substanz regelm\u00e4ssig konsumiert, kommt es zu einer ganzen Kaskade von neurochemischen Anpassungen im Gehirn. Entf\u00e4llt pl\u00f6tzlich die vom Gehirn antizipierte Zufuhr, entsteht ein relativer Mangelzustand. Subjektiv werden Entzugserscheinungen erlebt.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Felix Hasler, Neuromythologie<\/strong>, transcript<\/a>
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